Automotive Security Basics
Fundamentals
Modern vehicles are complex networks of electronic control units (ECUs) communicating over various bus systems. Understanding this architecture is essential for security testing.
Vehicle Architecture
ECU Types
- • Engine Control Module (ECM)
- • Body Control Module (BCM)
- • Transmission Control Module
- • Telematics/Infotainment
Communication Buses
- • CAN (Controller Area Network)
- • LIN (Local Interconnect Network)
- • FlexRay (high-speed)
- • Automotive Ethernet
Attack Surfaces
| Entry Point | Access | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| OBD-II Port | Physical | Full CAN access |
| Key Fob | RF (315/433 MHz) | Unlock, start |
| Infotainment | USB, Bluetooth, WiFi | CAN gateway pivot |
| Telematics | Cellular | Remote access |